Key Statistics for Europe

Epidemiology, Burden and Treatment of Osteoporosis for 29 European countries (2021)
Metrics All 27 EU countries + Switzerland, UK (termed EU27+2)
Total direct cost of osteoporotic fractures in 2019 (excluding the value of QALYs lost) €56.9 billion
Direct cost of incident fractures in 2019 €36.3 billion
Ongoing cost in 2019 resulting from fractures occurred before 2019 €19.0 billion
Cost of pharmacological intervention (assessment and treatment) in 2019 €1.6 billion
Total cost increase between 2010 - 2019 €19.5 billion
Osteoporotic fractures cost (% of the total healthcare spending of the EU27+2) in 2019 3.5%
Average direct cost of osteoporotic fractures per individual in 2019 €109.12
Estimated number of individuals aged 50+ with osteoporosis in 2019

32 million (5.6% of the total European population aged +50)
♀ 25.5 million (22.1% of women aged +50)
♂ 6.5 million (6.6% of men aged +50)
Estimated number of fractures and percentage of people aged 50+ with a prior hip fracture in 2019

3,220,181 fractures
1.5% of population aged 50+
Estimated number of fractures and percentage of people aged 50+ with a prior vertebral fracture in 2019

3,555,016 fractures
1.7% of population aged 50+
Estimated change in the annual number of osteoporotic fractures 2019 - 2034

4.28 million fractures (2019) – 5.34 million fractures (2034)
+1.06 million fractures (+24.8%)
Number of death due to fracture events in 2019 248,487 deaths
Remaining lifetime probability of hip fracture (%) at the age of 50 years

♀ 15.0% (varied by country: 7.0 - 25.1%)
♂ 5.7% (varied by country: 3.8 - 10.9%)
Number of individuals at risk of major fractures

23.8 million (above a fracture threshold for high risk)
14.8 million (above a fracture threshold for very high risk)
Average number of DXA units available per million of the general population in 2019

16.3 units/million
(range: 1.7 - 51.4 units/million)
Average waiting time for DXA in 2019

37 days
(range: 0 - 180 days)
Average uptake of FRAX® per million of the general population in 2019

1,555 sessions/million
(range : 49 – 41,874 sessions/million)
Treatment gap (women eligible for osteoporosis treatment do not receive treatment) in 2019

71%
(14.8 million women needing treatment are left untreated)
Increase in treatment gap between 2010 - 2019 55% in 2010 vs 71% in 2019

 

  • The total direct cost in the EU27+2 (excluding the value of QALYs lost) amounted to €56.9 billion in 2019. Hip fractures were estimated to account for 57% of the total costs, vertebral fractures for 10%, distal forearm fractures for 2% and other for 32% [1]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE 2021: a New Scorecard for Osteoporosis in Europe, Arch Osteoporos, 2021, 16(1):82

    See link    .
  • The health burden of fragility fracture was measured in terms of QALYs (Quality Adjusted Life Years) lost for the EU27+2. Assigning a QALY the value of 2xGDP per capita, the cost of QALYs lost amounted to €112.9 billion in 2019 [1]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE 2021: a New Scorecard for Osteoporosis in Europe, Arch Osteoporos, 2021, 16(1):82

    See link    .
  • In 2019, the prevalence of osteoporosis in men aged over 50 years varied from 5.7% (Slovakia) to 6.9% (Sweden). In women, the prevalence ranged from 19.3% (Cyprus) to 23.4% (Italy) [1]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE 2021: a New Scorecard for Osteoporosis in Europe, Arch Osteoporos, 2021, 16(1):82

    See link    .
  • In 2019, the number of new fragility fractures in the EU27+2 was estimated at 4.3 million, comprising 826,708 hip fractures (19%), 662,544 vertebral fractures (16%), 636,705 forearm fractures (15%), and 2,149,591 other fractures (50%) [1]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE 2021: a New Scorecard for Osteoporosis in Europe, Arch Osteoporos, 2021, 16(1):82

    See link    .
  • In the EU27+2 in women: 43% of fracture-related deaths were due to hip fractures, 53% to clinical vertebral and 3% to other fractures. In men, corresponding proportions were 34%, 65%, and 1%, respectively [1]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE 2021: a New Scorecard for Osteoporosis in Europe, Arch Osteoporos, 2021, 16(1):82

    See link    .
  • The population aged 50 years or more is projected to increase by 11.4% between 2019 and 2034 [2]. The increase in men and women aged 75 years and more is even more marked being 42.6% in men and 29.6% in women [1]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE 2021: a New Scorecard for Osteoporosis in Europe, Arch Osteoporos, 2021, 16(1):82

    See link    .
  • Based on the fracture numbers calculated from age- and sex- specific incidence and population sizes in 5-year age intervals for 2019 and 2034 [2]United Nations (UN) World Population Prospects 2019. UN. Accessed October 2021

    See link    , the annual number of osteoporotic fractures in the EU27+2 is estimated to increase by 1.06 million from 4.28 million in 2019 to 5.34 million in 2034. The percentage increase over the 15-year interval will vary considerably by country, ranging from a modest 8% increase (Latvia) to 58% (Ireland) [1]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE 2021: a New Scorecard for Osteoporosis in Europe, Arch Osteoporos, 2021, 16(1):82

    See link    .

 

Austria

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 552,000 (5.5% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .
  • Approximately 110,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 11.8% in 2034 (140,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €1.3 billion in 2019 (3.4% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €501 million compared to 2010 (€799 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 52% in 2019 (up from 51% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Belgium

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 681,000 (5.6% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .
  • Approximately 100,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 23.3% in 2034 (123,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €1.1 billion in 2019 (2.4% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €494 million compared to 2010 (€606 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 66% in 2019 (up from 47% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Bulgaria

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 420,000 (5.6% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .
  • Approximately 56,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 8.3% in 2034 (61,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €186 million in 2019 (4.2% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €144 million compared to 2010 (€42 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 88% in 2019 (lower than 95% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Croatia

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 252,000 (5.5% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .
  • Approximately 35,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 11.0% in 2034 (39,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €136 million in 2019 (3.9% of total national healthcare spending [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 82% in 2019 (up from 67% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Cyprus

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 50,000 (3.7% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .
  • Approximately 6,600 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 48.5% in 2034 (9,800 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €86 million in 2019 (5.8% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €34 million compared to 2010 (€52 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .

Czech Republic

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 572,000 (5.0% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .  
  • Approximately 91,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 34.8% in 2034 (123,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €396 million in 2019 (2.7% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €123 million compared to 2010 (€273 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .  
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 79% in 2019 (up from 76% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Denmark

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 328,000 (5.1% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

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  • Approximately 86,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 32.6% in 2034 (114,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

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  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €1.45 billion in 2019 (4.7% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €400 million compared to 2010 (€1.05 billion in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .  
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 43% in 2019 (lower than 54% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Estonia

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 82,000 (5.8% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

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  • Approximately 7,900 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 20.2% in 2034 (9,500 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .  
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €31.6 million in 2019 (2.0% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €1.6 million compared to 2010 (€30 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .   
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 84% in 2019 (lower than 86% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Finland

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 336,000 (5.7% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

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  • Approximately 45,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 33.0% in 2034 (60,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .  
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €611 million in 2019 (2.9% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €228 million compared to 2010 (€383 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 80% in 2019 (up from 69% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

France

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 3,991,000 (5.5% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

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  • Approximately 484,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 26.0% in 2034 (610,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .  
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €6.98 billion in 2019 (2.6% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €2.13 billion compared to 2010 (€4.85 billion in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 79% in 2019 (up from 43% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Georgia

  • It is estimated that only 25% of patients with hip fracture are hospitalized [6]International Osteoporosis Foundation: Eastern European & Central Asian Regional Audit: Epidemiology, cost & burden of osteoporosis in 2010, 2010

    See link    .

Germany

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 5,659,000 (6.1% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .   
  • Approximately 831,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 16.4% in 2034 (967,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .   
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €13.8 billion in 2019 (3.7% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €4.8 billion compared to 2010 (€9.0 billion in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 76% in 2019 (lower than 77% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Greece

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 684,000 (5.5% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

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  • Approximately 99,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 21.9% in 2034 (121,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .   
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €980 million in 2019 (6.2% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €300 million compared to 2010 (€680 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 43% in 2019 (up from 31% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Hungary

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 559,000 (5.5% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .   
  • Approximately 86,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 25.7% in 2034 (108,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .   
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €449.5 million in 2019 (5.0% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €252.5 million compared to 2010 (€197 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 65% in 2019 (up from 28% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Ireland

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 209,000 (3.7% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .   
  • Approximately 32,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 58.4% in 2034 (51,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .   
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €464.3 million in 2019 (2.0% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €241.3 million compared to 2010 (€223 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 32% in 2019 (up from 26% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Italy

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 4,359,000 (6.3% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .   
  • Approximately 568,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 23.4% in 2034 (702,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .   
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €9.45 billion in 2019 (6.0% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €2.42 billion compared to 2010 (€7.03 billion in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 71% in 2019 (up from 59% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Latvia

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 124,800 (5.8% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

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  • Approximately 15,800 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 8.2% in 2034 (17,100 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .   
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €49 million in 2019 (2.9% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €11 million compared to 2010 (€38 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 78% in 2019 (lower than 85% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Lithuania

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 181,000 (5.8% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .    
  • Approximately 23,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 16.3% in 2034 (27,100 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .   
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €91 million in 2019 (3.2% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €44 million compared to 2010 (€47 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 82% in 2019 (lower than 90% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Luxembourg

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 29,600 (4.3% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • Approximately 4,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 44.1% in 2034 (5,800 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .    
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €40.7 million in 2019 (1.3% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €18.7 million compared to 2010 (€22 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 71% in 2019 (up from 43% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Malta

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 23,000 (4.9% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • Approximately 3,200 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 47.7% in 2034 (4,700 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €29.1 million in 2019 (2.5% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €12.1 million compared to 2010 (€17 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .

Netherlands

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 976,000 (4.9% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • Approximately 99,600 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 37.4% in 2034 (137,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €1.4 billion in 2019 (1.8% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €576 million compared to 2010 (€824 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 56% in 2019 (lower than 60% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Poland

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 1,985,000 (4.8% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • Approximately 206,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 29.7% in 2034 (267,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €693.7 million in 2019 (2.2% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €100.7 million compared to 2010 (€593 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 83% in 2019 (up from 78% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Portugal

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 681,000 (5.6% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • Approximately 70,700 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 28.9% in 2034 (91,200 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €1.0 billion in 2019 (5.6% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €423 million compared to 2010 (€577 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 75% in 2019 (up from 37% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Romania

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 1,071,000 (5.6% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • Approximately 103,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 14.8% in 2034 (118,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €257.3 million in 2019 (2.5% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €128.3 million compared to 2010 (€129 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 78% in 2019 (lower than 83% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Russia

  • It is estimated that 14 million people (10% of the population) suffer from osteoporosis and 20 million have osteopenia – leaving 34 million people at high risk of fracture [6]International Osteoporosis Foundation: Eastern European & Central Asian Regional Audit: Epidemiology, cost & burden of osteoporosis in 2010, 2010

    See link    .
  • In some Russian cities, the lack of hospitalization and surgery following hip fracture lends itself to an extremely high fracture rate of up to 45-52% during the first year following fracture [6]International Osteoporosis Foundation: Eastern European & Central Asian Regional Audit: Epidemiology, cost & burden of osteoporosis in 2010, 2010

    See link    .

Slovakia

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 264,000 (4.2% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • Approximately 76,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 33.1% in 2034 (101,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €193.6 million in 2019 (3.1% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €86.6 million compared to 2010 (€107 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 54% in 2019 (up from 49% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Slovenia

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 125,000 (5.4% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • Approximately 16,600 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 29.6% in 2034 (21,600 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €96 million in 2019 (2.5% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €40 million compared to 2010 (€56 million in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 57% in 2019 (up from 44% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Spain

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 2,945,000 (5.4% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • Approximately 285,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 29.6% in 2034 (370,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €4.3 billion in 2019 (3.8% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €1.46 billion compared to 2010 (€2.84 billion in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 64% in 2019 (up from 25% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Sweden

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 583,000 (5.6% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • Approximately 124,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 30.1% in 2034 (161,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €2.3 billion in 2019 (4.3% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €820 million compared to 2010 (€1.48 billion in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 67% in 2019 (72% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

Switzerland

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 524,000 (6.1% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • Approximately 82,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 37.5% in 2034 (113,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €3.4 billion in 2019 (4.5% of total national healthcare spending) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 83% in 2019 (56% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [7]Svedbom, A., et al., Epidemiology and economic burden of osteoporosis in Switzerland, Arch Osteoporos, 2014, 9:187

    See link    .

Ukraine

  • The estimated number of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis risk and osteopenia is 7 million (28% of the total number of women). A recent study reports that most of the Ukrainian population has vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency [6]International Osteoporosis Foundation: Eastern European & Central Asian Regional Audit: Epidemiology, cost & burden of osteoporosis in 2010, 2010

    See link    .

UK

  • The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 is approximately 3,755,000 (5.2% of the total population) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • Approximately 527,000 new fragility fractures occurred in 2019, estimated to increase by 26.2% in 2034 (665,000 fractures in 2034) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    .     
  • The economic burden of new and prior fractures is €5.5 billion in 2019 (2.4% of total national healthcare spending), increased by €100 million compared to 2010 (€5.4 billion in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    See link    .
  • The proportion of women at high fracture risk who did not receive treatment (treatment gap) is 66% in 2019 (54% in 2010) [3]Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021

    [5]Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144

    See link    .

 

 

Data from: Fragility fractures in Europe : burden, management and opportunities [8]Borgström F, et al., Fragility fractures in Europe : burden, management and opportunities, Arch Osteoporos, 2020, 15 :59

See link[9]International Osteoporosis Foundation: Broken bones, broken lives: a roadmap to solve the fragility fracture crisis in Europe. 2018

See link.

Facts and statistics for six European countries
  EU6 France Germany Italy Spain Sweden UK
Estimated number of individuals aged 50+ with osteoporosis in 2015 20 million 3.8 million 5.3 million 4 million 2.8 million 500 000 3.5 million
Prevalence of osteoporosis among men(♂ ) and women (♀️) aged 50+ in 2015 N.A.

♂6.9%

♀️22.7%

♂6.7%

♀️22.5%

♂7.0%

♀️23.1%

♂6.8%

♀️22.5%

♂6.9%

♀️22.5%

♂6.8%

♀️21.8%
Estimated lifetime risk of hip fracture from men (♂) and women (♀️) aged 50

♂ 6.1 - 13.7%

♀️9.8 - 22.8%

♂6.0%

♀️11.0%

♂9.8%

♀️17.7%

♂7.9%

♀️16.7%

♂9.0%

♀️10.0%

♂13.7%

♀️22.8%

♂8.3%

♀️17.2%
Incidence of fragility fractures per year in 2017 2.7 million 382 000 765 000 563 000 330 000 120 000 520 000
Estimated increase in fragility fractures incidence 2017 - 2030 +23.0% +24.4% +18.5% +22.4% +28.8% +26.6% +26.2%
Fracture-related costs in 2017 (€) 37.5 billion 5.4 billion 11.3 billion 9.4 billion 4.2 billion 2 billion

5.3 billion

(£4.5 billion)
Estimated cost increase 2017 - 2030 +27.0% +26.0% +23.3% +26.2% +30.6% +29.4% +30.2%
Sick days taken by working individuals due to fragility fractures  7.6 million 1.5 million 1.4 million 717 000 355 000 1.1 million 2.6 million
Hours of care after a hip fracture, per 1000 individuals, per year  370 h 138 h  N.A. 882 h  756 h 191 h  248 h
Treatment gap (women who do not receive treatment after a fracture) 60 - 85% 85% 60% 77% 72% 83% 49%
Fracture liaison services (FLS) improves outcomes

+24% BMD testing      +22% treatment adherence      +20% treatment initiation

 -5% re-fracture rate          -3% mortality
N.A. = not available

REFERENCES

1.
Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE 2021: a New Scorecard for Osteoporosis in Europe, Arch Osteoporos, 2021, 16(1):82 See link
2.
United Nations (UN) World Population Prospects 2019. UN. Accessed October 2021 See link
3.
Willers C, et al., Osteoporosis in Europe: A compendium of country-specific reports, accepted for publication in Arch Osteoporos, 2021
4.
Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137. See link
5.
Kanis JA, et al., SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos, 2013, 8:144 See link
6.
International Osteoporosis Foundation: Eastern European & Central Asian Regional Audit: Epidemiology, cost & burden of osteoporosis in 2010, 2010 See link
7.
Svedbom, A., et al., Epidemiology and economic burden of osteoporosis in Switzerland, Arch Osteoporos, 2014, 9:187 See link
8.
Borgström F, et al., Fragility fractures in Europe : burden, management and opportunities, Arch Osteoporos, 2020, 15 :59 See link
9.
International Osteoporosis Foundation: Broken bones, broken lives: a roadmap to solve the fragility fracture crisis in Europe. 2018 See link