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  1. Home
  2. Facts & Statistics
  3. Key statistic for Europe

Key Statistics for Europe

Facts and statistics for six European countries

  EU6 France Germany Italy Spain Sweden UK
Estimated number of individuals aged 50+ with osteoporosis in 2015 20 million 3.8 million 5.3 million 4 million 2.8 million 500 000 3.5 million
Prevalence of osteoporosis among men(♂ ) and women (♀️) aged 50+ in 2015 N.A.

♂6.9%

♀️22.7%

♂6.7%

♀️22.5%

♂7.0%

♀️23.1%

♂6.8%

♀️22.5%

♂6.9%

♀️22.5%

♂6.8%

♀️21.8%

Estimated lifetime risk of hip fracture from men (♂) and women (♀️) aged 50

♂ 6.1 - 13.7%

♀️9.8 - 22.8%

♂6.0%

♀️11.0%

♂9.8%

♀️17.7%

♂7.9%

♀️16.7%

♂9.0%

♀️10.0%

♂13.7%

♀️22.8%

♂8.3%

♀️17.2%

Incidence of fragility fractures per year in 2017 2.7 million 382 000 765 000 563 000 330 000 120 000 520 000
Estimated increase in fragility fractures incidence 2017 - 2030 +23.0% +24.4% +18.5% +22.4% +28.8% +26.6% +26.2%
Fracture-related costs in 2017 (€) 37.5 billion 5.4 billion 11.3 billion 9.4 billion 4.2 billion 2 billion

5.3 billion

(£4.5 billion)

Estimated cost increase 2017 - 2030 +27.0% +26.0% +23.3% +26.2% +30.6% +29.4% +30.2%
Sick days taken by working individuals due to fragility fractures  7.6 million 1.5 million 1.4 million 717 000 355 000 1.1 million 2.6 million
Hours of care after a hip fracture, per 1000 individuals, per year  370 h 138 h  N.A. 882 h  756 h 191 h  248 h
Treatment gap (women who do not receive treatment after a fracture) 60 - 85% 85% 60% 77% 72% 83% 49%
Fracture liaison services (FLS) improves outcomes

+24% BMD testing      +22% treatment adherence      +20% treatment initiation

 -5% re-fracture rate          -3% mortality

N.A. = not available
International Osteoporosis Foundation: Broken bones, broken lives: a roadmap to solve the fragility fracture crisis in Europe. 2018 [1]International Osteoporosis Foundation: Broken bones, broken lives: a roadmap to solve the fragility fracture crisis in Europe. 2018;

See link
; Available from: https://osteoporosis.foundation/what-we-do/science-and-research/latest-projects--broken-bones-broken-lives.
  • Bone mineral density measurement is underutilized in majority of European countries. Reasons include limited availability of densitometers, restrictions in personnel permitted to perform scans, low awareness of usefulness of BMD testing, limited or non-existent reimbursement [2]International Osteoporosis Foundation: Osteoporosis in the European Community: A Call to Action. 2001;

    See link
    . 
  • Based on WHO diagnostic criteria (T-score less than or equal to -2.5 SD) approximately 22 million women and 5.5 million men aged between 50-84 years of age are estimated to have osteoporosis in the EU (2010 figures). Due to changes in population demography the number of men and women with osteoporosis in the EU will rise from 27.5 million in 2010 to 33.9 million in 2025, corresponding to an increase of 23% [3]Hernlund, E., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 136.

    .
  • The number of new fractures in 2010 in the EU was estimated at 3.5 million, comprising approximately 620,000 hip fractures, 520,000 vertebral fractures, 560,000 forearm fractures and 1,800,000 other fractures [3]Hernlund, E., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 136.

    .
  • The annual number of fractures in the EU will rise from 3.5 million in 2010 to 4.5 million in 2025, corresponding to an increase of 28% [3]Hernlund, E., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 136.

    .
  • In 2010, the number of deaths causally related to fractures in the EU was estimated at 43,000 [3]Hernlund, E., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 136.

    .
  • In the EU in women: approximately 50% of fracture related deaths were due to hip fractures, 28% to clinical vertebral and 22% to other fractures. In men:  corresponding proportions were 47%, 39% and 14%, respectively [3]Hernlund, E., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 136.

    .
  • Incidence rates of hip fractures were available for most, but not all, countries of the EU whereas information on country-specific incidence rates of forearm, clinical vertebral fractures and other osteoporosis fractures was scarce [3]Hernlund, E., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 136.

    .
  • It is estimated that approximately 26,300 life-years were lost in the EU in 2010 due to incident fractures [3]Hernlund, E., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 136.

    .
  • The cost of osteoporosis, including pharmacological intervention in the EU in 2010 was estimated at € 37 billion – out of which: costs of treating incident fractures represented 66%, Pharmacological prevention 5% and Long-term fracture care 29% [3]Hernlund, E., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 136.

    .
  • The total health burden osteoporosis in the EU was estimated at 1,180,000 lost QALYs (Quality Adjusted Life Years) for the EU. The majority of the QALYs lost were a consequence of prior fractures. Assigning a QALY the value of 2xGDP, the total value of QALYs lost in 2010 was estimated at €60.4 billion [3]Hernlund, E., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 136.

    .
  • The number of QALYs lost annually due to fractures in the EU will increase from 1.2 million in 2010 to 1.4 million in 2025, corresponding to an increase of 20% [3]Hernlund, E., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 136.

    .
Key Statistics per Country

Austria

  • In 2010 approximately 86,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 460,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 799 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 28 % to € 1,025 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Belgium

  • In 2010 approximately 80,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 600,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 606 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 21 % to € 733 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Bulgaria

  • In 2010 approximately 38,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 420,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 42 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 5 % to € 45 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Cyprus

  • In 2010 approximately 5,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 40,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 52 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 47 % to € 76 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Czech Republic

  • In 2010 approximately 72,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 530,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 273 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 29 % to € 352 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Denmark

  • In 2010 approximately 66,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis, approximately 280,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 1,055 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 27 % to € 1,344 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    . 
  • The first hip fracture incidence rate increased by 56% during the period 1987-1997, with an increase of 41% among women and 104% among men aged 50 years and older [5]Giversen, I.M., Time trends of age-adjusted incidence rates of first hip fractures: a register-based study among older people in Viborg County, Denmark, 1987-1997. Osteoporos Int, 2006. 17(4): p. 552-64.

    .

Estonia

  • In 2010 approximately 9,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 77,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 30 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 18 % to € 35 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Finland

  • In 2010 approximately 36,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 300,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 383 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 34 % to € 514 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .
  • The total number of hip fractures increased by 70% within a 10-year period (1992-2002) [6]Lonnroos, E., et al., Increased incidence of hip fractures. A population based-study in Finland. Bone, 2006. 39(3): p. 623-7.

    .

Georgia

  • It is estimated that only 25% of patients with hip fracture are hospitalized [7]International Osteoporosis Foundation: Eastern European & Central Asian Regional Audit: Epidemiology, cost & burden of osteoporosis in 2010. 2010;

    See link
    .

Germany

  • A lifetime prevalence of any fracture was found to be 45% for men and 31% for women within the age range of 25-74 years; and 42% for men and 40% for women within the age range of 65-74 years [8]Meisinger, C., et al., [Epidemiology of limb fractures]. Orthopade, 2002. 31(1): p. 92-9.

    .

Greece

  • In 2010 approximately 86,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis, approximately 640,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 680 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 20 % to € 814 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .
  • During 1977-1992 there was an average annual increase of 7.6% for hip fractures [9]Paspati, I., A. Galanos, and G.P. Lyritis, Hip fracture epidemiology in Greece during 1977-1992. Calcif Tissue Int, 1998. 62(6): p. 542-7.

    .

Hungary

  • In 2010 approximately 102,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 550,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 197 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 15 % to € 226 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Ireland

  • In 2010 approximately 18,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 170,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 223 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 44 % to € 320 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Latvia

  • In 2010 approximately 14,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 130,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 38 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 13 % to € 43 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Lithuania

  • In 2010 approximately 15,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 180,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 47 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 15 % to € 54 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Luxembourg

  • In 2010 approximately 2,700 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 22,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 22 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 41 % to € 31 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Malta

  • In 2010 approximately 2,600 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 20,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 17 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 40 % to € 24 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Netherlands

  • In 2010 approximately 76,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 820,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 824 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 30 % to € 1,069 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Poland

  • In 2010 approximately 170,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 1,800,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 593 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 27 % to € 753 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Portugal

  • In 2010 approximately 52,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 590,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 577 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 24 % to € 717 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Romania 

  • The prevalence of postmenopausal osteoporosis is estimated at 11.5%, which means that one in three Romanian women would be osteoporotic or osteopenic after the age of 55 [7]International Osteoporosis Foundation: Eastern European & Central Asian Regional Audit: Epidemiology, cost & burden of osteoporosis in 2010. 2010;

    See link
    .
  • In 2010 approximately 94,000 new fragility fractures each year; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis, approximately 1 million; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 129 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 17 % to € 151 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Russia

  • It is estimated that 14 million people (10% of the population) suffer from osteoporosis and 20 million have osteopenia – leaving 34 million people at high risk of fracture [7]International Osteoporosis Foundation: Eastern European & Central Asian Regional Audit: Epidemiology, cost & burden of osteoporosis in 2010. 2010;

    See link
    . 
  • In some Russian cities, the lack of hospitalization and surgery following hip fracture lends itself to an extremely high fracture rate of up to 45-52% during the first year following fracture [7]International Osteoporosis Foundation: Eastern European & Central Asian Regional Audit: Epidemiology, cost & burden of osteoporosis in 2010. 2010;

    See link
    .
  • Of those who survive hip fracture, only 9% return to their previous level of daily activities [7]International Osteoporosis Foundation: Eastern European & Central Asian Regional Audit: Epidemiology, cost & burden of osteoporosis in 2010. 2010;

    See link
    .

Slovakia

  • In 2010 approximately 39,000 new fragility fractures; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis is approximately 230,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 107 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 31 % to € 140 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Slovenia 

  • From 1998 to 2005, the total number of hip fractures increased by 40% [7]International Osteoporosis Foundation: Eastern European & Central Asian Regional Audit: Epidemiology, cost & burden of osteoporosis in 2010. 2010;

    See link
    .
  • In 2010 approximately 16,000 new fragility fractures each year; number of people aged 50+ with osteoporosis, approximately 110,000; economic burden of new and prior fractures € 56 million (in 2010); by 2025 burden will increase by 37 % to € 77 million [4]Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.

    .

Spain

  • There was a 54% increase in new cases of hip fracture within a 14-year period (1998-2002). This increase occurred mainly in women (64%) compared to men (19%) [10]Hernandez, J.L., et al., Trend in hip fracture epidemiology over a 14-year period in a Spanish population. Osteoporos Int, 2006. 17(3): p. 464-70.

    .

Sweden 

  • The probability of sustaining an osteoporosis hip fracture at the age of 50 years is 23% in women and 11% in men. The risk of sustaining a clinical vertebral fracture is 15% in women and 8% in men. For any common osteoporotic fracture, the remaining lifetime risk is 46% in women and 22% in men [11]Kanis, J.A., et al., Long-term risk of osteoporotic fracture in Malmo. Osteoporos Int, 2000. 11(8): p. 669-74.

    .
  • Hip fractures account for nearly as many hospital days as acute myocardial infarction and for more than prostate and breast cancers combined [12]Johnell, O., et al., The burden of hospitalised fractures in Sweden. Osteoporos Int, 2005. 16(2): p. 222-8.

    .
  • Hip fractures cause nearly the same amount of deaths as breast cancer [13]Kanis, J.A., et al., The components of excess mortality after hip fracture. Bone, 2003. 32(5): p. 468-73.

    .
  • Osteoporotic fractures in men account for more hospital bed days than those due to prostate cancer [14]Kanis, J.A., et al., Epidemiology of osteoporosis and fracture in men. Calcif Tissue Int, 2004. 75(2): p. 90-9.

    .

Switzerland 

  • Between 2000-2020, osteoporosis hip, vertebral and wrist fracture are predicted to rise by 33%, 27% and 19%, respectively, if current prevention and treatment patterns are maintained [15]Schwenkglenks, M., et al., A model of osteoporosis impact in Switzerland 2000-2020. Osteoporos Int, 2005. 16(6): p. 659-71.

    .
  • The annual costs of hospitalizations (in terms of duration of stay) for osteoporosis fractures were greater than those for myocardial infarction, stroke and breast cancer, and only slightly lower than for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For women, the costs associated with osteoporosis were higher than for all these diseases [16]Lippuner, K., et al., Incidence and direct medical costs of hospitalizations due to osteoporotic fractures in Switzerland. Osteoporos Int, 1997. 7(5): p. 414-25.

    .
  • In 2000, hip fractures accounted for approximately half the direct medical hospitalization costs of patients with osteoporosis and/or related fractures. Among other common diseases in women and men, osteoporosis ranked number 1 in women and number 2 (behind COPD) in men [17]Lippuner, K., M. Golder, and R. Greiner, Epidemiology and direct medical costs of osteoporotic fractures in men and women in Switzerland. Osteoporos Int, 2005. 16 Suppl 2: p. S8-S17.
     

    .
  • In 2010, it was estimated that about 74,000 new fragility fractures occurred, comprising 14,000 hip fractures, 11,000 vertebral fractures, 13,000 forearm fractures and 36,000 other fractures. The consequential economic burden of incident and previous fragility fractures was estimated at just over CHF 2 billion with incident fractures representing 76 % of this cost, long-term fracture care 21 % and pharmacological prevention 3 % [18]Svedbom, A., et al., Epidemiology and economic burden of osteoporosis in Switzerland. Arch Osteoporos, 2014. 9: p. 187.

    .

Ukraine 

  • The estimated number of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis risk and osteopenia is 7 million (28% of the total number of women). A recent study reports that most of the Ukrainian population has vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency [7]International Osteoporosis Foundation: Eastern European & Central Asian Regional Audit: Epidemiology, cost & burden of osteoporosis in 2010. 2010;

    See link
    .

UK

  • 1 in 2 women and 1 in 5 men will suffer a fracture after the age of 50 [19]van Staa, T.P., et al., Epidemiology of fractures in England and Wales. Bone, 2001. 29(6): p. 517-22.

    .

REFERENCES

1.
International Osteoporosis Foundation: Broken bones, broken lives: a roadmap to solve the fragility fracture crisis in Europe. 2018; See link
2.
International Osteoporosis Foundation: Osteoporosis in the European Community: A Call to Action. 2001; See link
3.
Hernlund, E., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 136.
4.
Svedbom, A., et al., Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos, 2013. 8: p. 137.
5.
Giversen, I.M., Time trends of age-adjusted incidence rates of first hip fractures: a register-based study among older people in Viborg County, Denmark, 1987-1997. Osteoporos Int, 2006. 17(4): p. 552-64.
6.
Lonnroos, E., et al., Increased incidence of hip fractures. A population based-study in Finland. Bone, 2006. 39(3): p. 623-7.
7.
International Osteoporosis Foundation: Eastern European & Central Asian Regional Audit: Epidemiology, cost & burden of osteoporosis in 2010. 2010; See link
8.
Meisinger, C., et al., [Epidemiology of limb fractures]. Orthopade, 2002. 31(1): p. 92-9.
9.
Paspati, I., A. Galanos, and G.P. Lyritis, Hip fracture epidemiology in Greece during 1977-1992. Calcif Tissue Int, 1998. 62(6): p. 542-7.
10.
Hernandez, J.L., et al., Trend in hip fracture epidemiology over a 14-year period in a Spanish population. Osteoporos Int, 2006. 17(3): p. 464-70.
11.
Kanis, J.A., et al., Long-term risk of osteoporotic fracture in Malmo. Osteoporos Int, 2000. 11(8): p. 669-74.
12.
Johnell, O., et al., The burden of hospitalised fractures in Sweden. Osteoporos Int, 2005. 16(2): p. 222-8.
13.
Kanis, J.A., et al., The components of excess mortality after hip fracture. Bone, 2003. 32(5): p. 468-73.
14.
Kanis, J.A., et al., Epidemiology of osteoporosis and fracture in men. Calcif Tissue Int, 2004. 75(2): p. 90-9.
15.
Schwenkglenks, M., et al., A model of osteoporosis impact in Switzerland 2000-2020. Osteoporos Int, 2005. 16(6): p. 659-71.
16.
Lippuner, K., et al., Incidence and direct medical costs of hospitalizations due to osteoporotic fractures in Switzerland. Osteoporos Int, 1997. 7(5): p. 414-25.
17.
Lippuner, K., M. Golder, and R. Greiner, Epidemiology and direct medical costs of osteoporotic fractures in men and women in Switzerland. Osteoporos Int, 2005. 16 Suppl 2: p. S8-S17.  
18.
Svedbom, A., et al., Epidemiology and economic burden of osteoporosis in Switzerland. Arch Osteoporos, 2014. 9: p. 187.
19.
van Staa, T.P., et al., Epidemiology of fractures in England and Wales. Bone, 2001. 29(6): p. 517-22.
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