A new study by the IFCC‑IOF Committee for Bone Metabolism shows large within- and between-assay variation for ß-CTX measurement; until harmonization is achieved, proposes measuring ß-CTX by the same assay on EDTA plasma, especially for research.

Bone turnover markers, and specifically bone resorption markers, are commonly used to monitor patients’ response to pharmacological treatment and adherence. 

In 2011, the Joint Committee on Bone Marker Standards of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) designated Procollagen type I N-propeptide (PINP) and the C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) in blood as reference bone turnover markers for bone formation and bone resorption, respectively, in osteoporosis. However, the effective clinical implementation of these recommendations requires the standardization/harmonization of the different commercial assays.

In its latest publication, published in the journal Calcified Tissue International, the IFCC-IOF joint Committee has carried out a multicentre evaluation of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) with the current assays used in clinical laboratories. For the study, four centres (Athens GR, Copenhagen DK, Liege BE and Sheffield UK) collected serum and EDTA plasma samples from 796 patients presenting to osteoporosis clinics.

The study derived regression equations for the interconversion of ß-CTX results assayed on serum and plasma specimens, and between Roche cobas e, IDS iSYS immunoassay platforms and IDS manual ELISA. The study findings and recommendations include:

• Significant variation was found between the individual centres;
• No useful regression equation could be calculated to harmonize results obtained with the different platforms, mainly because of the large between-centre variations;
• Until harmonization is achieved, the IFCC-IOF Committee recommends measuring ß-CTX by the same assay on EDTA plasma, especially for research purposes in large pharmacological trials where samples can be stored for long periods before they are assayed;
• It is recommended that patients are followed by the same method and that laboratories identify the assay used for ß-CTX determination on their protocols.

Lead author, Professor Etienne Cavalier, Chair of the IFCC-IOF Committee of Bone Markers (C-BM), stated:

“The ability to monitor bone remodelling markers and in particular -CTX would be beneficial in the follow-up of patients undergoing treatment.  However, the results of this study show that challenges persist given the large within- and between-assay variation for ß-CTX measurement, particularly in serum. As we continue to work towards harmonization, we hope that our recommendations will be helpful, and that our findings will serve to inform further research towards the harmonization of ß-CTX values between assays. We insist on the importance of using EDTA plasma over serum for ß-CTX measurement to improve short and long-term stability as well as harmonization of the results.” 

Professor Nicholas Harvey, Chair of the IOF Committee of Scientific Advisors added:

“Together with IFCC, the International Osteoporosis Foundation looks forward to the important next steps which will lead to reliable reference ranges across assays and thus greater capacity for these measures to inform both clinical care and research.  The project demonstrates the huge value of such international collaborations in setting the state of the art to improve bone health globally.”

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Further reading:
1.    Cavalier, E., Eastell, R., Jørgensen, N.R. et al. A Multicenter Study to Evaluate Harmonization of Assays for C-Terminal Telopeptides of Type I Collagen (ß-CTX): A Report from the IFCC-IOF Committee for Bone Metabolism (C-BM). Calcif Tissue Int (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-021-00816-5
2.    Vasikaran, S., Eastell, R., Bruyère, O. et al. Markers of bone turnover for the prediction of fracture risk and monitoring of osteoporosis treatment: a need for international reference standards. Osteoporos Int 22, 391–420 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1501-1
3.    Bhattoa HP, Cavalier E, Eastell R, Heijboer AC, Jørgensen NR, Makris K, Ulmer CZ, Kanis JA, Cooper C, Silverman SL, Vasikaran SD; IFCC-IOF Committee for Bone Metabolism. Analytical considerations and plans to standardize or harmonize assays for the reference bone turnover markers PINP and β-CTX in blood. Clin Chim Acta. 2020 Dec 28:S0009-8981(20)30591-X. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.12.023. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33382995.

About IOF
The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) is the world's largest nongovernmental organization dedicated to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and related musculoskeletal diseases. IOF members, including committees of scientific researchers as well as 266 patient, medical and research societies, work together to make fracture prevention and healthy mobility a worldwide health care priority. www.osteoporosis.foundation  @iofbonehealth
About IFCC
The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) is a worldwide, non-political organization for clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine. As such it has a range of roles that include (1) global standard setting in collaboration with other international organizations, (2) supporting its members through scientific and educational endeavour, and (3) providing a series of congresses, conferences and focussed meetings in order for laboratory medicine specialists to meet and present original findings and best practice.  www.ifcc.org